At the nexus between pattern formation and cell-type specification: the generation of individual neuroblast fates in the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system

BioEssays ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 922-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Skeath
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Type Specification

scholarly journals Adiponectin Controls Nutrient Availability in Hypothalamic Astrocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1587
Author(s):  
Nuri Song ◽  
Da Yeon Jeong ◽  
Thai Hien Tu ◽  
Byong Seo Park ◽  
Hye Rim Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone, plays integral roles in lipid and glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues, such as the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. Moreover, it has also been shown to have an impact on metabolic processes in the central nervous system. Astrocytes comprise the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system and actively participate in metabolic processes between blood vessels and neurons. However, the ability of adiponectin to control nutrient metabolism in astrocytes has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of adiponectin on multiple metabolic processes in hypothalamic astrocytes. Adiponectin enhanced glucose uptake, glycolytic processes and fatty acid oxidation in cultured primary hypothalamic astrocytes. In line with these findings, we also found that adiponectin treatment effectively enhanced synthesis and release of monocarboxylates. Overall, these data suggested that adiponectin triggers catabolic processes in astrocytes, thereby enhancing nutrient availability in the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals Redefining the heterogeneity of peripheral nerve cells in health and autoimmunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (17) ◽  
pp. 9466-9476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolien Wolbert ◽  
Xiaolin Li ◽  
Michael Heming ◽  
Anne K. Mausberg ◽  
Dagmar Akkermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Glia Cells ◽  
Local Cell ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Peripheral nerves contain axons and their enwrapping glia cells named Schwann cells (SCs) that are either myelinating (mySCs) or nonmyelinating (nmSCs). Our understanding of other cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) remains limited. Here, we provide an unbiased single cell transcriptomic characterization of the nondiseased rodent PNS. We identified and independently confirmed markers of previously underappreciated nmSCs and nerve-associated fibroblasts. We also found and characterized two distinct populations of nerve-resident homeostatic myeloid cells that transcriptionally differed from central nervous system microglia. In a model of chronic autoimmune neuritis, homeostatic myeloid cells were outnumbered by infiltrating lymphocytes which modulated the local cell–cell interactome and induced a specific transcriptional response in glia cells. This response was partially shared between the peripheral and central nervous system glia, indicating common immunological features across different parts of the nervous system. Our study thus identifies subtypes and cell-type markers of PNS cells and a partially conserved autoimmunity module induced in glia cells.

scholarly journals CAST-ChIP Maps Cell-Type-Specific Chromatin States in the Drosophila Central Nervous System

Cell Reports ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Schauer ◽  
Petra C. Schwalie ◽  
Ava Handley ◽  
Carla E. Margulies ◽  
Paul Flicek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Chromatin States ◽  
Cell Type Specific

MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangements in primary central nervous system lymphoma of large B cell type

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Nosrati ◽  
Ahmad Monabati ◽  
Alireza Sadeghipour ◽  
Fatemeh Radmanesh ◽  
Akbar Safaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Large B Cell

Tumor microenviromental reaction would diminish incomparable accuracy and swiftness of flow cytometric diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayato Takeuchi ◽  
Tohru Inaba ◽  
Yukiko Shishido-Hara ◽  
Taku Tsukamoto ◽  
Shinsuke Mizutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy ◽  
Fcm Analysis ◽  
Histological Confirmation ◽  
Pattern Sensitivity

Abstract Background Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), a relatively rare brain tumor, bears a dire prognosis. On occasion, rapid progression of the tumor makes immediate diagnosis and initiation of therapy imperative. To achieve swift diagnosis, we adopt flow cytometry (FCM) in addition to conventional histopathology. The aim of this study is to reveal utility and drawbacks of FCM diagnosis for PCNSL. Methods Patients with suspected PCNSL on neuroradiological findings and received both FCM and histological diagnosis between August 2015 and April 2020 were retrospectively enrolled into the study. Tumor samples were collected by craniotomy with either of endoscope or microscope. The patients’ electronic medical records were investigated, and histological findings, results of FCM, and other clinical data were evaluated. Results Twenty seven patients met the eligibility criteria. Twenty three patients (11 males and 12 females) were diagnosed with PCNSL by histological confirmation, and 22 cases were B-cell type lymphoma and 1 was T-cell type. Median age at diagnosis was 65. FCM analysis showed lymphoma pattern in 20 cases, but in the other 3 lymphoma cases (FCM discordant: FCM-D) and 4 non-lymphomatous tumor cases, FCM results did not show lymphoma pattern (sensitivity: 86.4%, specificity: 100%). Analysis of FCM-D cases showed infiltration of T lymphocytes or astrocytes into the tumor tissue, indicating tumor microenvironmental reaction, were observed, and it is assumed that those reactions deceived FCM diagnosis. Conclusions Despite some disadvantages, diagnosis of PCNSL by FCM is rapid and reliable.

The monoclonal antibody 69A1 recognizes an epitope found on neurones with axons that fasciculate but not on those with non-fasciculating processes

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-500
Author(s):  
R. Pigott ◽  
A.M. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Fibre Bundles ◽  
Type Distribution

We have previously reported that the cell-type distribution and pattern of expression of the surface antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody 69A1, suggests that it may be involved during the period of nerve fibre outgrowth and the formation of fibre bundles in the rat (Pigott & Kelly, 1986). In this current study, we have examined the expression of the epitope recognized by antibody 69A1 in regions of the rat central nervous system in which it is possible to distinguish between neurones with axons that fasciculate to form clearly defined fibre tracts and neurones with non-fasciculating processes. We have also examined antibody 69A1 labelling in several regions of the peripheral nervous system. We report that the 69A1 epitope is expressed on neurones with axons that fasciculate but is not found on neurones with short, non-fasciculating axons or on neurones without a morphologically identifiable axon. The antigen 69A1 has been purified and shown to be immunochemically closely related or identical to the L1 antigen.

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